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Third normal form (3NF) is a database design technique that reduces data redundancy and improves data integrity. It's a key concept in database normalization that builds on first normal form (1NF) and second normal form (2NF). 
How does 3NF work?

• Ensures that each non-key column in a table is directly tied to the primary key 
• Removes transitive dependencies, where non-key attributes depend indirectly on the primary key 
• Ensures that all values in the columns are simple and consistent data types across all rows 

Benefits of 3NF 

• Avoids data anomalies, such as insertion, update, and deletion anomalies
• Ensures referential integrity
• Simplifies data management
• Improves data integrity
• Helps achieve subject orientation, where all data related to one subject is stored in a single place

When is 3NF used?
3NF is a relational database modeling technique that's particularly suited for ensuring data is stored independently of any specific source system's peculiarities.